Cruise line mergers
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Carnival Corporation
- Miami, FL
- nyse:CCL / CUK
- carnivalcorp.com
- 9 lines as of 2020; established 1972
- named changed to Carnival Corporation from Carnival Cruise Line in 1993
- costacruises.com; founded 1854 in Italy for cargo; added Europe<>South America passenger service in mid 20th century
- 2000
- remaining 50% interest in Genoa, Italy based company acquired by Carnival
- Cunard Line Limited; founded 1839 for transatlantic mail service; merged with White Star Line of Britian
- Seabourn, Norwegian-owned
- 1988: First ship
- 1990–1998: acquired by Carnival (25%, 50% 1996?)
- Seabourn, Norwegian-owned
- Founded 1873; first vacation cruises in 1895 (NYC<->Palestine); left cargo business in 1970s
- 1989: Acquired by Carnival
- Princess Cruise Lines
- Founded 1965 for Mexican Riviera
- 1965: First ship launched
- 1974: acquired with P & O shipping of Britian
- 2000
- P & O Princess splits from the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company
- 2001: P & O Princess Cruises of Britain and Royal Caribbean Cruises of Miami announce merger into ‘RCP Cruise Lines’[1]
- 2003 : merges with Carnival (including P&O Cruises, P&O Cruises Australia, and Aida Cruises)
- P&O - founded 1822; passenger service in 1844 (Southampton <> Mediterranean)
- Aida Cruises
- Founded 1960s in Germany
- Purchased by P&O in 2000 and 2001
Former holdings
From Holland merger:
- 1989–2007: Windstar Cruises
From P&O Princess merger:
- 2003–2003: A’Rosa Cruises - German river cruise brand
- 2003–2010: Ocean Village
- 2003–2007: Swan Hellenic specialized in cultural and historical cruises
Others:
- 2015–2018: Fathom - social impact line (closed)
- c. 1990: Fiesta Marina Cruises (closed)
- (11 years): Ibero Cruises - Madrid-based (closed)
Royal Caribbean
- Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd.
- RCL
- Royal Caribbean Group?
- Royal Caribbean International
- Celebrity Cruises
- TUI Cruises - operated as a long-term joint venture
- Owned 50/50 by TUI AG and Royal Caribbean
- Hapag-Lloyd Cruises (acquired c. 2020)
- Mein Schiff line
- Pullmantur - operated as a long-term joint venture
- Silversea Cruises - luxury line based in Monaco
- acquired 2018–2020 from Heritage Cruise Holding Ltd.
Former holdings
- 2007–2021: Azamara Club Cruises, founded 2007 by Royal Caribbean, sold to Sycamore Partners
Norwegian Cruise Line
- NCLH
- Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings Ltd., Miami, FL
- www.nclhltd.com
- Prestige Cruises International (acquired 2014)
Other lines
- Crystal
- Seaborne
- Lindblad
- Regent
- Windstar Cruises - small luxury yachts
- 1989: Acquired as part of Holland America
- 2007: Sold to Ambassadors International, which went bankrupt in 2011
- 2011: owned by a private holding company
Minor and river?
- Transcend Cruises
United States ‘small-ship’ lines
- (5 large lines, as of 2021)
Hornblower Group
- San Francisco; founded c. 2018?
- American Queen Voyages; created in 2021 from:
- American Queen Steamboat Company, founded 2011
- Four paddlewheelers, as of 2021
- Victory Cruise Lines
- Two ocean-going vessels for lake & ocean trips, as of 2021
- Two new expedition ships (2022/2023)
- Operates as
- American Queen Voyages River - Mississippi and PNW
- American Queen Voyages Lakes & Ocean - Canada, Great Lakes, New England + Eastern seaboard, Mexico + Yucatán Peninsula
- American Queen Voyages Expedition - Alaska and Central America
- American Queen Steamboat Company, founded 2011
- Various day-tour boats in many US cities
American Cruise Lines
UnCruise Adventures
Alaskan Dream Cruises
Defunct lines
Aloha Pacific Cruises Matson Line
Timeline of mergers and splits
- (i.e. ownership changes)
- 1930s
- Cunard merged with White Star Line of Britain
- 1983
- Cunard Line purchased Norwegian American Cruises
- 1988
- RCCL and Admiral had agreed in March to form a joint holding company, Royal Admiral Cruises Ltd.
- 1988
- Carnival attempted to purchase partial 70% control of Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines (RCCL) and Admiral Cruises (which itself was an earlier marriage of Eastern, Western and Sundance cruise lines)
- 1988
- P & O Princess purchased Italian-themed Sitmar Cruises
- 1988
- Home Lines closes, selling one ship each to Holland America Line and Premier Cruise Lines
- 2000
- P & O Princess splits from the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company
- 2001
- Renaissance Cruises (shut down)
- American Classic Voyages (bankruptcy filing)
Point-in-time ownership snapshots
- Mid-1988
- Kloster Cruise Ltd. owns both Norwegian Cruise Line and Royal Viking Line
- Mid-1988
- Cunard owns Countess and Princess
Flags of convenience
- Bahamas
- Crystal Cruises, Disney Cruise Line, Fred Olsen Cruise Line, Royal Caribbean, Regent Seven Seas, Seabourn, Virgin Voyages
- Bermuda
- Cunard, P & O, Princess
- Italy
- Costa Cruises
- Malta
- Celebrity
- Marshall Islands
- Regent Seven Seas
- The Netherlands
- Holland America Line
- Panama
- MSC
- United Kingdom
- Princess
Corporate registration
- Panama
- Carnival Corporation
- Liberia
- Royal Caribbean International
- Bermuda
- Norwegian Cruise Line
Key states for US cruise industry
- Hawaii
- Florida
- Virginia
- California
- Washington
- Louisiana
- Alaska
Other ownership chains
- Carnival Cruises
- HAL Antillen NV, based in Curaçao
- Thompson Cruises, based in UK
- Ships leased to TUI UK Limited
- Thomson Celebration, flagged in Malta
- Thompson Cruises, based in UK
- HAL Antillen NV, based in Curaçao
Flags, repeated
70% of 187 cruise ships c.2015 were flagged in on of these four countries:
- Bahamas
- Panama
- Bermuda (British territory)
- Malta
- Each is listed as a ‘tax haven’ by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- None of those ships built in the United States
- §883 of US tax code exempts taxes on profits of maritime transportation companies
Look up
- Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010, Public Law 111-207 by the 111th Congress and codified at 46 U.S. Code §3507 [4]
- Clean Cruise Ship Act
- Cruise Passenger Protection Act
Crime reporting
- Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act (CVSSA), approved by Congress in 2010
Most victims are not aware that if they are U.S. citizens they can immediately call the FBI, police or the U.S. embassy at the next port of call because the law requires cruise ships to provide direct and free telephone lines for victims.
Security guides
Criminal Activity Prevention and Response Guide (Security Guide)
Cruise ships are required by 46 USC 3507(c)(1) to have a security guide available for passengers.
[5]
- Royal Caribbean security guide [6]
- Oceania Cruises security guide
- Carnival security guide
- Viking security guide
Legal
EU regulations
- EU Regulation 392/2009
- EU Regulation 1177/2010
Cruise contracts
Links to move
- www.aida.de
- www.carnival.com
- www.costacruise.com
- www.cunard.com
- www.hollandamerica.com
- www.pocruises.co.uk
- www.pocruises.co.au
- www.princess.com
- www.seabourn.com
References
See also
- Seatrade Cruise Global - annual trade event
- Database compiled for 2015 Univision reporting project
- ↑ * https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/21/business/p-o-and-royal-caribbean-to-merge-into-largest-cruise-line.html
- ↑ * https://lifeofiris.com/2021/05/05/how-many-hours-are-cruise-ship-crew-allowed-to-work/
- ↑ * http://huelladigital.univisionnoticias.com/cruceros-vacaciones-en-aguas-de-nadie/lobby/index-lang=en.html
- ↑ * http://huelladigital.univisionnoticias.com/cruceros-vacaciones-en-aguas-de-nadie/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cruise-Vessel-Security-and-Safety-Act-of-2010.pdf
- https://www.maritime.dot.gov/ports/office-security/cruise-vessel-security-and-safety-act-cvssa
- https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/01/16/2015-00464/cruise-vessel-security-and-safety-act-of-2010-implementation
- https://ehlinelaw.com/blog/what-is-the-cruise-vessel-security-and-safety-act-cvssa
- ↑ * https://www.transportation.gov/mission/safety/passenger-cruise-ship-information
- ↑ * https://www.royalcaribbean.com/faq/questions/what-is-royal-caribbeans-security-guide